Data sources: Eurostat for electricity and gas in European Union countries, average household prices including all taxes for the first half of 2026. Spain: PVPC regulated tariff for August 2026, free-market gas average and the AVEBIOM index for pellets. France: Propellet index and CEEB. Germany: DEPI index. Italy: AIEL for pellets and ARERA for the fixed gas charge. United Kingdom: Ofgem price cap for October to December 2026. Poland: PelletRadar index. Non-euro currencies are converted at the European Central Bank reference rate of 21 October 2026. To convert weight to kWh we use 4.8 kWh/kg for pellets and 4.0 kWh/kg for firewood. The firewood price for each country is a market estimate, not an official index: firewood is sold by volume and varies a lot by area, species and supplier. Energy prices change often: these figures are a guide, not an offer.